Fuel Type |
Applications |
Manufacturers |
Approx. Fuel Cost |
Emission Reductions |
Refueling Infrastructure |
E85-Ethanol |
Many Light Duty (LD) vehicles available as Flex Fuel Vehicles (FFVs) capable of running on any blend of E85 and gasoline. |
Updated listing of vehicles available |
Less than gasoline or diesel. Also less BTUs/gallon. |
CO - 40%, VOCs -15%, NOx -10%, PM -20% |
Use existing gasoline/diesel infrastructure with minor modifications. There are approximately 1000+ stations in the Upper Midwest that sell E85 |
Biodiesel |
Light Duty and Heavy Duty (HD) diesel vehicles. |
Updated listing of vehicles available |
Less than petroleum diesel. |
B20: CO - 12.6%, HC -11%, NOx +1.2%, PM -15%
B100: CO -43.2%, HC - 56.3%, NOx +5.8%, PM -70% |
Easily blended in existing diesel pumps and tanks. Several fleets use blends higher than the common B2 blend. |
Compressed/Liquefied Natural Gas (CNG/LNG) |
LD fleet vehicles, buses, mid-HD trucks, LNG appropriate for HD long distance vehicles. |
Updated listing of vehicles available |
Less than gasoline and diesel. |
CO - 90-97%, HC -50-75%, NOx -35-60%, PM -90-97% |
For home and small-med fleets -$2,000 - $90,000. Large fleet refueling $250,000. |
Electric/Hybrid Electric Vehicle (EV/HEV) |
Neighborhood EVs (NEVs) for campus & planned communities, alternative fuel HEV & Electric transit & shuttle. |
Updated listing of vehicles available |
Less than gasoline and diesel. No Fed & State tax. |
Potential zero emissions for EVs if solar charged. HEVs offer significant emission reductions over conventional models. |
NEVs are charged in 110V outlets. For transit application fast charge 220V is available. |
Propane (LPG) |
LD passenger-med duty delivery trucks |
Updated listing of vehicles available |
Less than gasoline and diesel. Also less BTUs/gallon. |
CO - 30-35%, HC -20-40%, NOx -15-99%,
PM -80-95% |
Often similar to gasoline dispenser costs. Fuel supplier may cover costs of storage tank. |
